Realism and Relative Gains in International Relations

Abstract

Relative gains fall within the zero-sum game in state relations and are also linked to the behavior of states with regard to balances of power and without regard to other factors, such as the economy. In international relations, cooperation may be necessary to balance power, but concerns about comparative advantage will limit such cooperation due to fear of other's behavior and mistrust about the behavior and interests of other states. However, relative gain concerns may sometimes be mitigated by individual social preferences.