spatial distribution pattern of green areas in the holy city of Karbala

Abstract

Green areas in all cities of the world serve their population at various levels of planning from neighboring residential, district residential, and other levels, It achieves several benefits at the environmental, climate, recreational, and aesthetic levels, in addition to the social and economic benefits. To determine the pattern of the spatial distribution of green areas in the holy city of Karbala, defining serviced and non-served areas with green areas, to find out the reasons for the shortage of green areas, this study was prepared. In it, residential districts, population densities, availability of green areas, as well as vacant lands are determined. As there was a significant shortage of green areas in the city, which is due to the weak implementation of the master plan and the lack of exploitation of allocated areas as green areas, which if they were calculated as green areas, making them achieving the approved standard in Iraq. This study depends on modern geographic information systems techniques as tools for analysis and measurement.