The origin and growth of labour law can be traced to the rise of modem factory system. Under the handicraft system, every production unit was small and there was direct personal contact between the employer and the craftsmen. After the industrial revolution, large scale industry came into being. In a modem industrial unit, a large number of workers are employed. As the workers had no bargaining capacity with capitalist employer, they had to work on nominal wages for long hours and under the unhealthiest conditions. Even women and children were employed under conditions which were detrimental to their health, safety and welfare. The workers were unable to protect themselves from exploitation by the Industrialist.