Political ecology examines the intricate relationships between political, economic, and social dynamics and their impact on environmental issues. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of political ecology's theoretical frameworks, empirical case studies, and policy implications in the context of climate change. It explores how international agreements and local initiatives address climate impacts, highlighting socio-political implications such as inequality and vulnerability. Emerging issues like technological advancements and changing political landscapes are discussed, along with research gaps and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations. By synthesizing diverse perspectives, this paper contributes to understanding resilience and sustainability in environmental governance.