The North East region of India, comprising the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim, is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its unique geographical features, biodiversity, and socio-economic constraints. This review paper examines the effects of climate change on the socio-economic status of the North East Indian population, focusing on agriculture, water resources, health, and infrastructure. The literature indicates significant alterations in temperature and precipitation patterns, leading to extreme weather events such as floods and droughts, which severely impact agricultural productivity, water availability, and health outcomes. The region's adaptive capacity is limited by socio-economic factors and inadequate infrastructure, despite the presence of governmental policy frameworks like the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCC). This review aims to assess the specific areas most affected by climate change, evaluate current adaptive measures, and provide recommendations for enhancing resilience and adaptive capacity. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach involving effective policy implementation, community engagement, and improved access to technology and financial resources to mitigate the socio-economic challenges posed by climate change and promote sustainable development in the region.