The western ghats region if the home to the Paliyar tribes. The Paliyar also live in the ghats regions of Tenkasi District. In Tamilnadu. At present there are 22 Paliyar family settlement the Karuppanadi Dam is located at the foot hills of Westen Ghats built across the Karuppanadi river near Chokkampatti in Kadayanallur Paliyar settlement is the chosen study area forms part of the village of Kalaimaan Nagar. Located near the Karuppanadhi dam in the Tenkasi District of Tamilnadu. Traditionally the Paliyar were hunters, gathers and shifting cultivators. The present day occupation of community is settled cultivation. Through the Paliyar People in Pothigai hills have now undertaken agriculture they work as usage labourers in the forest department. This research paper describers the strategic location and the ecological importance of the Pothigai hills focusing on Karuppanadi dam in the Tenkasi District and it highlights the life and livelihood of the Palayiar tribes in their settlement at Kadayanallur Region.