This study comprehensively analyzed the water quality of groundwater and wastewater treatment plant effluent in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, across the summer, rainy, and winter seasons. Water samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters, including pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, hardness, nutrients, metals, and microbiological indicators. The findings revealed significant seasonal variations in water quality parameters. Groundwater quality was impacted by surface runoff and contamination during the rainy season, leading to elevated levels of total dissolved solids, hardness, chlorides, nitrates, and coliforms. Wastewater treatment plant effluent also experienced seasonal fluctuations, with higher pollutant loads during the rainy season due to increased organic matter and contaminants in the influent. Key recommendations include strengthening wastewater treatment infrastructure, promoting water conservation, and implementing sustainable water management practices to mitigate the adverse effects of seasonal variations on water quality in Kanpur.