Solar radiation is a critical aspect of renewable energy systems, with its harnessing pivotal for sustainable development. This paper presents a comprehensive review of solar radiation concepts, focusing on its electromagnetic radiant energy aspects and predictive allocation strategies. The analysis encompasses theoretical underpinnings, analytical models, and conceptual frameworks employed in understanding and predicting solar radiation patterns. By synthesizing existing literature, this review aims to provide insights into the complexities of solar radiation prediction, facilitating advancements in predictive modeling and allocation strategies for efficient utilization of solar energy resources.