Federalism in the Russian Federation provides for the existence of constitutional foundations for the existence of bi- and multilingualism in the regions of the country. The formation of a full-fledged multilingualism regime faces a number of difficulties. Due to the differences between the republics of Russia, these difficulties are also different. These include both actual educational problems, such as teaching and methodological support of languages, and the problems of a purely political nature associated with the manifestation of nationalism and discrimination on the basis of language.