Chromium (Cr) contamination in water and soil poses a significant environmental threat. This review paper examines the advancements made between 2012 and 2022 in chromium adsorption using nano biosorbents. It explores the potential of various nano biosorbents derived from natural resources and waste materials for efficient and eco-friendly Cr removal. The paper discusses the advantages of nano biosorbents, their adsorption mechanisms, factors influencing their performance, and future research directions.