This paper presents the results of a language proficiency test, conducted among the senior schoolchildren of secondary schools in Tatarstan, a bilingual country in the Russian Federation, in terms of language situation and planning perspective. Accelerated globalization and the general socio-economic situation in the world have caused major changes in the people’s attitudes towards the choice of language for communicative and career purposes. Language situation in the Republic of Tatarstan led to the adoption of the language law of 1992, which ensures the equality of Tatar and Russian as state languages (Zakon Respubliki Tatarstan, 1992). However, the monitoring of language proficiency of the children, whose mother tongue is Tatar, arouses growing concern. The first part of the study provides an overview of the tasks complied to test schoolchildren’s communicative oral and written skills in Tatar. The second part presents the results reflecting the level of schoolchildren’s language proficiency. The charts show how well the mother tongue is used for communicative purposes. The third part reveals the problems that exist in maintaining the level of language skills that ensure the fluent use of Tatar and create a stable bilingual speech community.