The psycholinguistic model of translation is a translation model based on a psycholinguistic approach to the translation process, which is based on the understanding of translation as a speech-thought activity. The presented article mainly deals with the issues of translatology, in particular, semantic and pragmatic features of language structures in the light of their functioning, sign asymmetry. Since the process of translation is a factor reflecting the content of the original text as a peculiar system, the analysis and study of this process through the prism of asymmetry of a linguistic sign is an important condition for its qualitative evaluation. The study of the phenomenon of asymmetry in the translation process indicates the need and feasibility of introducing the concept of interlingual asymmetry into the system of concepts and terms. The thesis in the process of comparative analysis of translations of interlanguage question sentences reveals the emergence of interlanguage asymmetry as a complex linguistic phenomenon.