When compared to synthetic methods, peptide-based drug delivery systems are superior due to their improved biocompatibility, biochemical and biophysical characteristics, absence of toxicity, and ability to achieve controlled molecular weight through solid phase synthesis and purification. solid lysosomes Lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and polymeric micelles can be injected intravenously; however, because they are artificial, they may cause adverse effects and are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. It was necessary to analyze nontoxic drug delivery methods and identify potential future directions for this field of study. This review study compiles data on the use of peptide-based carriers for the administration of different hazardous medications, mostly anticancer or pharmaceuticals with limited bioavailability, primarily from the last five years. Peptide-based drug delivery platforms are used to deliver therapeutic proteins and small molecule medicinal substances (500 Da) as injectable biodegradable particles, peptide–drug conjugates, and depots. We talk about controlled drug delivery systems that can efficiently provide peptide-based and anticancer medications, resulting in rapid healing without serious side effects. In addition, peptide-based scaffolds for self-assembly and stimuliresponsive (pH and enzyme-responsive) peptides are examined, along with cell-penetrating peptides and their molecular mechanisms as targeting peptides.