Modern economic systems have experienced tremendous growth over the last five decades, with the demand for energy, housing, security, food, education, health, employment, and others experiencing rapid changes. In turn, the tremendous growth in the global economic systems has placed numerous, complex, urgent, and extraordinary challenges on nations across the globe (Melece, 2015: Mensink et al., 2018). As Melece (2015) states, these social challenges include energy security and efficiency, increasing poverty rates, delocalization, inequality rates, unstable economies, climate change, extended unemployment, environmental degradation, terrorism, and insecurity among others.