The Intertwined Nature of Civil Engineering Systems in 2024 Civil engineer master builders have been constructing masterpieces for Millennia, long before the recent advent of Systems Engineering. However, since the 1950’s the planning, financing, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of civil engineered-constructed - systems (buildings, bridges, airports, plants, tunnels, dams, antenna towers, storage tanks, power transmission towers, highways, railroads, pipelines, etc.) became the elements of highly complex, intertwined, and interdependent systems in dense urban areas. Such highly complex and multi-domain systems, termed infrastructures, include government, education, healthcare, transportation, water, communication, energy, etc. (DHS 2010).