In recent years, global public health has confronted challenges from emerging infectious diseases, necessitating effective tracking and control measures. Epidemiology, as the study of health-related event distribution and determinants within populations, plays a pivotal role in disease management. The objectives of this study are to review and analyze current statistical approaches in epidemiology for disease tracking and control, identify gaps and limitations in existing methodologies, and propose innovations to enhance disease surveillance and control efforts. This research employs a comparative study design, analyzing the effectiveness of various statistical approaches in epidemiology for disease tracking and control using retrospective analysis of diverse datasets from Germany over a five-year period (2016-2020). The descriptive epidemiology analysis revealed the prevalence and temporal trends of different diseases, highlighting the need for targeted interventions