Mycobacterium tuberculosis also known as Koch’s bacillus is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. It is one of the oldest known human diseases. The tubercle bacillus does not always manifest itself in the classical rod shape.They appear as granular rod, round, Y-, V-, ovoid and club shapes. These variable shapes can beseen as a maker of virulence of biological defense against specific immune responses or of celldivision. The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has recently been attributed in part to the PE-PPE family. These are the unique collections of 168 proteins that are fundamentally involved inpathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The PE-PPE proteins has been forefront of intenseresearch efforts since discovery. This review consolidates about the PE-PPE family proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and with respect to the latest developments in elucidating their evolution, structure, subcellular localization, function and immunogenicity. The PE-PPE familymembers have captivated researchers since their discovery and whilst our knowledge of this familyhas evolved and advanced tremendously thus the many important questions remain unanswered regarding their biological significance.