The issue of the transboundary water projects has always caused tensions between two countries or more when an upstream water project poses risks to the population living in a downstream country. The Iraqi water resources for example have faced unprecedented pressure as a result of water projects conducted by Turkey and Iran on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. These projects have impacted the water quality and quantity of the Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab Rivers in Iraq and violated the rights of the Iraqis to access equitable share of water. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the legal responsibilities of upstream countries such as Turkey and Iran with regard to the effects of their water projects on the Iraqi water resources based on the international law perspective. The qualitative methods apply through content analysis and descriptive approach. This paper found that the development of current water projects by Turkey and Iran have caused a water shortage in the Iraqi water resources. The water projects carried out by Turkey and Iran have also violated the principle right to access equitable share of water according to customary international law, transboundary water treaties and other related international principles.