Ecocritical analysis of Fire on the Mountain by Anita Desai has posed a tremendous threat to human society as well as the mother planet. The extensive overuse of natural resources has left us on the verge of economic failure. The rainforests are being cut down, fossil fuels are rapidly depleting, the seasonal cycle is disrupted, ecological disasters are occurring on a regular basis around the world, and our environment is on the verge of collapse. Ecocriticism is a worldwide growing movement that came into being as a reaction to man's anthropocentric mindset of dominating nature. The present paper tries to analyse the ecocritical ideas as perceived in some chosen world literature as well as Indian writing in English. An environmentally focused study of literature brings about ecological literacy among the readers, who in the process become eco-conscious, thereby taking excellent care of Mother Nature. Environmental concern is one of the key concerns, and ecocriticism has witnessed rapid development throughout its brief stay since its start. It is an interpretive instrument for interpreting nature writing, which is usually connected with environmental critique, animal studies, green cultural studies, ecosophy, deep ecology, ecofeminism, and eco-spiritualism, etc.