Ransomware attacks pose an increasing threat to critical infrastructure worldwide, jeopardizing essential services, economic stability, and public safety. This study investigates the impact of ransomware on sectors such as energy, healthcare, and transportation through a mixed-methods approach encompassing literature review and case study analysis. Key findings reveal vulnerabilities and effective mitigation strategies, including robust cyber hygiene, advanced security technologies, and policy frameworks promoting collaboration and resilience. Recommendations emphasize proactive defense measures and ongoing research to combat evolving ransomware tactics. By enhancing cybersecurity preparedness, stakeholders can mitigate risks and safeguard critical infrastructure from disruptive cyber threats