In recent years, industrialization has had a greater influence on the use of land for many different purposes. The potential for subsidence in subterranean soil arises from its heterogeneous properties, which might provide challenges in the context of subterranean building. The use of diaphragm walls presents an optimal resolution for addressing the aforementioned issue, as it offers substantial reinforcement to unstable soil conditions. Additionally, this technique proves advantageous in the construction of subterranean infrastructures such as subway systems and parking facilities. However, the diaphragm wall may also experience displacement owing to different factors such as seismic effects, restrictions arising from site conditions, soil conditions, and building techniques. An study was conducted on diaphragm walls under critical conditions, including factors such as soil properties, loads, and building techniques. The analysis was performed using finite element analysis software and other numerical software tools. In this document, we provide an overview of the research conducted by many authors on the deflection of diaphragm walls caused by a range of factors.