The interesting characteristics of freehand brushwork painting of Jingdezhen blue and white decoration in the 17th century were developed and changed on the basis of the decoration based on work. It has its own background of the times and is also influenced by factors such as cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Han people had low social status, and the Han literati were suppressed as a whole. By the time the Han people in the Ming Dynasty returned to their dominant position, they had a certain degree of freedom of mind and thought, and had a lot of room for free play in literature and art. While the Han culture was fully restored, foreign cultural exchanges were also strengthened. In particular, Jingdezhen porcelain was favored by Europe and Southeast Asian countries. The rapid development of foreign trade in ceramics also promoted the development and change of blue and white porcelain decoration style -- freehand brushwork, painting It is more interesting than ever before. Simplicity, frankness and freedom became the most obvious style characteristics of Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain paintings in this period. Through the research on the interesting style characteristics of freehand brushwork of Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain decoration in this special historical period, this paper aims to enhance our deeper understanding and understanding of the freehand brushwork art expression forms in Chinese painting. It is of great significance to strengthen our recognition of the positive significance and far-reaching impact of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, especially for the formation of painting style in Chinese traditional culture.